They're BAITING you!

Are you being BAITED?

At home, at work, in life, there are folks out there who want to bait you - to get you all worked up and aggravated or get you to think emotionally, in order to take advantage you one way or another. In some instances, people will bait you just to get you upset, so they can then mock you. It goes on from nearly the moment you are born until you die. People are just swell!

The idea is simple. Folks, if they think rationally, will make rational decisions. Rational decisions rarely result in large profits for anyone. However, if you can get someone to think emotionally, you can rob them blind. It is a game as old as the hills.

The emotions they play upon are basic:

• greed
• envy
• jealousy
• vanity
• anger

Who does this? How does this work? And how can you tell if you've been baited?

The scenarios are endless, but here are a few scenarios which might have answers to these questions.

People who are baiting you are not only commercial interests (salesmen, companies, etc.) but also your friends, co-workers, employers, and even your own government. They also include the television, particularly the evening news. The basic goal is to get you all riled up so you can't think straight.


1. The Car Dealer - An Obvious Example

For example, take the car salesman. Cars are sold on emotions, not on rational thinking. If people bought cars rationally, they'd all be rather bland looking and bought through the fleet sales office. What sells cars is emotion. If a car looks "sexy" - or more importantly makes YOU look sexy, you are more likely to buy it. In our society, status is tightly tied up with what make, model, and year car you drive. Most folks buy new cars in order to keep up the appearances of what they perceive to be their status and station in life. With all of this in the background, the car salesman has an easy time of it.

Going to a dealer to buy a car is one of the worst experiences in life. Since most people do it maybe a dozen times in a lifetime, it is not something we become skilled at. So right off the bat, you are at an experience disadvantage. Salesmen start by playing up to the emotions you are already pandering to - how the car will enhance your status. One common trick of salesmen is to say "hey, I'll put temp tags on it now, and you can drive it home and show it off to your friends!" The idea being that you are so caught up in impressing people you hardly know that you will forgo negotiating price and terms on the deal. And many do just that.

The other common tactic is the wear-down. Most folks report that a simple sales transaction with a car can take 3, 4 or even 5 hours or more - for no apparent reason. By keeping you hostage in the showroom, the salesman can wear you down. After you've spent an hour or more there, you feel committed to the process, as you don't want to lose the time you've "invested" in the process by starting over somewhere else. In addition, after a few hours, your blood sugar level goes low, and you become dehydrated. You may feel dizzy and lightheaded. You want to leave, and you'll do anything to finish the process, even accepting terms that you would not normally find acceptable.

The only way to avoid this trap is not to step in it. You can't win at the car dealer game, period. Just as you can't win at a casino. Thinking you can outsmart a salesman is folly. In one month, he completes more car transactions that you will in a lifetime. Who has experience on his side? Yet many people, men in particular, like to boast about how they "put one over" on a car salesman, when in fact it was they who were had.

Buying services, online sales, and the like are helpful tools in that game. But the best deal of all is a well-researched low mileage used car. A car than is one year old and has 12,000 miles on it can be had for 20% less (or even far less) than the cost of a similar new car - when bought from an individual, not a used car salesman. No matter how good a haggler you are, you can't get a deal like that at a car dealer.


2. Employment Games

But that is merely an obvious form of baiting - in a sales transaction. Employment is another area where people use baiting - often subconsciously (or not) to get ahead of their fellow employees. For some people working in a company, the ultimate goal is to get ahead - no matter how trivial the advancement is, or what the cost involved is, to the company or your fellow employees. Many companies inadvertently (or intentionally) foster an atmosphere of competitiveness amongst their employees that can be very destructive to productivity.

For example, Joe Green wants to work his way up the corporate ladder at Acme Corp. The first step is to become department head. But there are other, more highly skilled employees with more seniority above him. His first goal is to get these people out of the way. Joe targets Sam Brown first. He takes Sam to lunch and tells him stories about what an awful place Acme is. Sam never realized that simple Acme Corp. was a cesspool of vice and corruption! Joe keeps hammering the point home over time. Stopping in Sam's office time and again to engage in hour-long bitch sessions about how crummy Acme is. The employees are being taken advantage of, of course, and management is inept and corrupt. The rival Apex Company is a much better place to work, he says. They have a profit-sharing plan!

It doesn't take too long before Sam becomes depressed in his work, as he spends hours every day with Joe, bitching about how bad Acme is. Of course, Joe manages to casually report to his superiors how Sam is bitching about Acme, and Joe also tells other co-workers about Sam's unhappiness. Before too long, Sam is sending a resume to Apex Company, and if Joe's plan works, Sam leaves Acme before too long, and Joe advances another notch. Sam fell for Joe's baiting in a big way.

Of course, if Sam didn't get the hint the first time, Joe has other tricks up his sleeve. For example, Joe calls a headhunter and gives him Sam's name as a potentially disgruntled employee. Now that Joe has worn Sam down with the negative talk about Acme, when the headhunter calls, he'll have easier pickings.

There are other tricks as well. Joe can suggest to Sam that he take on an unpopular and unprofitable project, which, when it fails, will be blamed on Sam. Or Joe can encourage Sam's discontent in front of others, and then show Sam's bosses that Sam is being "disloyal" to the company. There are many techniques.

Are there really people as evil as Joe in the world? Yes. There are some folks who will stab their Grandmother if it meant a $10 a week raise and a corner office. But the Joe's of the world also do these nefarious things very subconsciously. If confronted with their tactics, they will deny they are doing anything intentionally, and in their minds they are telling the truth. Human behavior is a very complex thing, and many of us (most of us? all of us?) do things without thinking of what our real motivations are.

How do you avoid Joe? Well, don't play his game. If he wants to stop in your office for an hour and bitch about work or co-workers or bosses, tell him you have an important project that needs to get done (don't be surprised if he suggests you blow it off). Just say no to Joe, and that means no lunches, no chat sessions, and certainly do not rise to his bait by bitching about work or your bosses. If you get a call from a headhunter, ask them where they got your contact information. Someone had to give it to them - they don't just randomly dial people.

Even if you do hate your job and think your boss is a jerk, there is little to be gained, amend that, NOTHING to be gained, by bitching about it at work. If you really feel that your job is wrong for you, research and find a new one - non-emotionally and rationally. Don't be baited into it by an employee like Joe.


3. TeeVee (and Radio) Games

As I noted in my "Kill Your Television!" article, TeeVee has degenerated into little more than a continual baiting game. They want to get you all riled up so you continue to watch. It is highly addictive.

In Howard Stern's movie "Private Parts" there is a line that illustrates how this works. The station manager is reading the latest A.C. Nielsen ratings and says :

" 50% of listeners LOVE Howard Stern and listen for an average of 1.5 hours. Reason given? They want to hear what he'll say next!"

" 50% of listeners HATE Howard Stern and listen for an average of 2.5 hours. Reason given? They want to hear what he'll say next!"

Whether this survey was actually true, it illustrates the twisted genius of Stern and other "shock jock" and talk show hosts, as well as television programmers. Their goal is to get you to listen or watch, so they can sell you, like a pimp sells a whore, to advertisers.

Pleasant music and subdued announcers do not generate an emotional response from listeners. But shocking material gets people to "stay tuned" and listen for yet more outrages.

TeeVee works on the same principle. The 11:00 news starts advertising around 8PM every evening with 5-second "teasers" that are ambiguous and alarming. "A hurricane in the forecast? Stay tuned for news at 11!" Of course in the same time it took them to "tease" you about this, they could have said "no hurricanes in the forecast" or "a hurricane IS forecast". But that doesn't insure someone will watch later on. This sort of teaser is insulting to your intelligence, frankly.

TeeVee shows work on the same principle. They titillate with sex and "controversy" to get you to watch. Fox started this trend with "Married: with Children" and the other networks quickly followed suit. Today, most sitcoms and dramas on TeeVee are about who is sleeping with who. And every year, a new swearword is added to the list of "acceptable" television dialogue, usually on the premise that "people actually talk that way in real life."

If you stop watching TeeVee for a year or so, going back to it is like trying to take up smoking again. You wonder what you ever saw in it - or what others saw in it. While the shows are barely 22 minutes long, they seem to drag on for hours. The latest baiting trend is "reality" shows, which of course, are all scripted. What do they script? Fights. They go on for weeks with juicy and gossipy arguments and tiffs between the contestants - as if these people even know each other or care. But apparently there is something in human nature that likes to hear about such stuff - a somewhat evil and sad part of human nature at that.

Again, the only way to avoid the baiting of TeeVee is to just stop watching it. Spending hours every day sitting and staring at a screen is not a constructive use of your time, and hardly engaging your brain. Once you stop thinking, the brain atrophies and doing things like buying a new SUV sound good (after you've seen countless ads). So you go to the dealer and get baited some more. Controlling TeeVee watching is akin to trying to control a crack habit. You might kid yourself it is under control, but deep down you know you have a problem. After 30-40 years of this, you'll look back at your life as one long sitcom and wonder what the heck happened.

And bear in mind the average American watches 4.6 hours of this junk a day. Not only is it a bad influence on your brain, it is the ultimate time bandit!


4. Is Your Government is Baiting You? Of course they are!

One of the most common forms of baiting is from your own Government and in particular, politicians. You don't get elected these days (or any days) by being quietly competent. You have to be against something or tell the electorate that dire things will happen if they do not vote for you!

Republicans have been using the baiting game for decades. So-called "social issues" such as Abortion, Gay Marriage, Gun Control, Prayer in School, Creationism, and the like are used to get fundamentalist Christians to the polls. The last thing the Republicans want, of course, is for these issues to actually go away. If they did, who would vote for a bunch of crooks?

So after nearly 20 years of Republican rule under Reagan and two Bushes, Abortion still remains legal. The last thing they want to do is actually overturn Roe v. Wade - it would be bad for business!

The National Rifle Association had this problem recently. They have had such a success pushing through their agenda that very little remained to be done. How do you get people to send in their dues and vote Republican if their guns are not in peril? Their solution was to go abroad - they would use gun laws in Canada and Europe as examples of "what could happen" in the USA if we weren't careful. Playing on John Birch paranoia, they argued that United Nations "laws" would preempt the 2nd Amendment of the U.S. Constitution and force us to give up our guns!

Silly nonsense? You bet. The UN has no power at all, particularly when we have a veto seat on the security council. But people believe it, and they send in their dues, buy the CD's with these paranoid theories, and vote for crooks who would not otherwise get elected dogcatcher without these baiting games.

Lest you think I am being partisan, Democrats play the same game, albeit with a different set of rules. If you vote Republican, women will go back to having back-alley abortions! Right? Well, no, actually not. More than half of all births today are out-of-wedlock. There is little or no social stigma attached to an "illegitimate" birth. The incentive to have a dangerous abortion if it were outlawed is quite overstated. And the risk that abortion will be outlawed throughout the USA is also overstated.

The Democratic playing card is "going back". If you vote Republican, we'll "go back" to the days before affirmative action, before the civil rights act, to Jim Crow, and eventually, slavery will be legalized! This is of course, a ridiculous argument, but they make it all the time. Even mere discussion of the merits of affirmative action are called racist. And traditionally, it has worked in getting out the vote, particularly in minority neighborhoods.

And once elected, our elected leaders bait us all the time to push through projects of dubious merit. The war in Iraq? The economic bailout? Those are just a couple of recent things sold to us on emotional, not rational, terms.

How do you avoid being baited politically? For starters, avoid listening to political pundits, talk show hosts, and the like. Most of these use emotional arguments for what should be rational public policy decisions. Every issue has two sides to it, try to figure out what the other side wants, and why. It may not change your mind, but it will help you understand what is going on. You may find that both sides of an issue are being baited and used.

And most of all, don't be a single-issue or "issues" voter. If someone can snag your vote based on one position on one issue, they have you. Most elected officials do not have control over these issues anyway (which is why Reagan and the Bushes could not outlaw abortion during their terms). Electing your local mayor based on his position on abortion makes no sense - particularly when he has been accused of looting the town treasury.


5. Are your Friends (and family) Baiting You? They Might Be!

The idea that your friends might try to manipulate or bait you seems odd at first. After all, these are your friends, right? People you love and trust, right? But in any group of people, be it a bridge club, a family, or a clique at school, there is a constant competition, which is usually operating far below the levels of conscious behavior. Usually.

As sad as it may sound, people curry favor with one another. People want to be loved, to be popular. And there is a nasty tendency, in any group, to scapegoat others. In many families, this behavior is all too common. Sibling rivalry is a well-known term. Siblings vie to see who can curry favor with the group, and often this means ostracizing one or more members of the family. The situation is often fluid and dynamic, as one member becomes popular, while another is in emotional exile.

Amongst groups of friends, similar things happen. People turn on one another with a vengeance. Someone who is popular one day is reviled the next, usually because they were popular, which encourages jealousy.

There is an old saying that goes like this: "Intelligent people talk about ideas. Mediocre people talk about things. Small people talk about other people". In our society, we are encouraged to be small people. "People" magazine and the like are some of the most popular forms of press. "Entertainment News" trumps real news on a regular basis. Reality TeeVee and the like focuses on arguments and disputes and scandals revolving around people. So it is little wonder that most folks today take their social cues from these sources and turn their personal lives into pathetic mirrors of celebrity news.

It is hard, very hard, not to get sucked into this sort of thing. The warning sides are obvious. When you are with a group of people, and the discussion degenerates into a bitch festival about the one person missing, you know you are headed for trouble. The problem with this behavior is that after an hour-long bitch session about Suzie, the next time you see her, it will be....awkward.

And the next time the group is assembled, well, how awkward is it that you all know the horrible things you've said about Suzie and here you all are in her presence? And of course, you'll have to ask yourself this pertinent question: If they say this nasty stuff about Suzie when she isn't around, what are they saying about YOU? Answer: The same sort of stuff.

If interaction with your friends and family is degenerating into baiting like this, it is a sure sign you are spending too much time together. Groups, Cliques, and Families, tend to ostracize outsiders as a means of reinforcing group cohesiveness. However, this "blackballing" of others can make things uncomfortable and difficult later on - and make yourself miserable as well.

The best thing to do is to reduce contacts with folks in a group when it reaches this point. When you see each other less, you will have other, more important things to discuss when you do meet. If the bitch fest starts, you can try to change the subject, but it rarely works, I have found.

And sometimes, you just have to let your membership in such groups lapse. Your own mental health is more important than group membership, and if a group brings you down with their constant harping on others, it is not good for your psyche. Besides, if you leave the group, you give them a new topic for discussion - and a new target for their vitriol. So in effect, you are doing them a favor.


6. Please Hold for the Next Available Operator - is the Telephone Baiting You?

Customer service is another area prime for baiting. We've all spent hours on musical hold, trying to get a refund for a item that was defective, or a charge on our account that was not legit. The systems companies use to handle complaints are very well crafted to get customers to give up on their complaints and go away.

Long hold times and frustrating telephone operators can get you riled up -get you angry. You call and are transferred, and then put on hold, transferred again, and again. Each time, you have to explain your life's story to some clerk or "supervisor" (usually another clerk) in a call center. No one is very helpful, because they are trained not to be. And eventually, you get upset. And that is what they want you to do. If they can get YOU to be angry and unreasonable, then it is easier for them to paint themselves as the ones who are calm and collected. And if they can get you to spend an hour on the phone, chances are, they can get you angry pretty easily.

The best solution to this problem is to write down what it is you want and mail a letter to the company involved. It may not provide instant gratification, but it creates a better paper-trail for you later on, should something like this escalate into a legal matter. Gather together all your documents, write down a statement of facts, and most importantly, set forth what you feel is a reasonable resolution to the problem.

Many folks, being baited by telephone call centers, fail to get their documentation in order. If you don't have the paperwork, they can claim they never heard of you. And if you don't have your complaint in writing, they can claim you never complained.

Offering a reasonable solution is also important. I have read many angry letters to consumer complaint hot-lines in the past, with consumers who want unreasonable solutions to their problems. One fellow's RV breaks down on a trip. Not only does he want free repairs, but he wants his towing covered, the cost of the campsite reservation, a three-night stay in a hotel, including room service meals, and $5000 on top of that in "aggravation". The best he could hope for is a free repair.

Put it in writing. Write down the facts. Assemble supporting documents. Ask for a reasonable solution to the problem. And if there is no reasonable solution to the problem, then just move on with life. There is little or no point in "filing a complaint" if it does nothing to compensate you for your losses. Sometimes the best you can do is move on and take your business elsewhere.

* * * * * * * *

All of these experiences above are based on my own experience, as well as the experiences of others I know. Chances are, you've been baited in the past, just as I have been baited. As humans, we cannot help making a knee-jerk reaction to certain emotional stimuli. However, if you can recognize when you are being baited, it is a good first step. Avoiding baiting situations can improve your life from both a financial and emotional standpoint.

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Be Stingy - Help the Economy!

This has been an unusual year, to say the least.

Gas went from a high of nearly $5 a gallon in some places (in some places more than that!) to a low of $1.50 in others (and even less than that!) all in the matter of a few months.

When markets shift like that, it should make you nervous.

What drove the price of gas up? Some say speculators. Some say demand. Others say low output from refineries, combined with problems associated with pipeline damage and hurricanes. In reality, it probably was all of these to some extent.

What drove prices so far down? A staggering drop in demand. How is than even possible?

To begin with, understanding how prices are affected by demand is important. Even a small drop in demand or a small increase can cause prices to fluctuate wildly.

For example, suppose in a small town there are 100 homes for sale and 99 buyers. Well, clearly, someones home is not going to sell. So that homeowner will drop his price. As a result, perhaps one of the buyers will buy his house instead. This in turn will cause another homeowner to drop his price. Perhaps if prices drop enough, another buyer will appear to snatch up a bargain.

Conversely, if there are 99 homes for sale and 100 buyers, one buyer is not going to get a house. He might bid up the prices in an attempt to buy a home, which in turn can cause a bidding war.

If the median home price in our mythical town is $100,000, it is not hard to see how a small bidding war, between even a few buyers, can increase home prices by as much as 5-10%, as the incremental monthly cost of ownership is not that great. Similarly, it is not hard to see how even a small discrepancy between the number of sellers and buyers can drop prices dramatically - again by as much as 5-10% without effort. And all this because of a ONE PERCENT difference between buyers and sellers!

So you see, our "housing bubble" was not due to huge demand and the collapse was not due to a huge drop in demand. People still want houses, just not as much as before. If demand drops 5-10%, housing prices can drop 20-30% easily.

Gasoline works the same way. Economists have often argued that the demand for gasoline was inelastic - that is to say that the amount we need is the amount we need, and that's that. But the experiences of the last 40 years, since the oil embargo of 1973 tells another story. Americans can dramatically alter their consumption of gasoline. And even small changes in consumption patterns can cause HUGE changes in pricing.

In the last decade, Detroit has sold a lot of 10 mpg trucks, much to everyones dismay. After decades of restraint, GM introduced a 8.3 liter V-8, Ford a V-10, and Dodge a "hemi" 5.7. And Americans bought them, usually nestled in the engine bay of a 6,000 lb truck or SUV. The days of small engines and small trucks, it seems, were gone for good.

And of course, Americans did not "need" such vehicles. If you look at the horsepower and displacement ratings of HEAVY DUTY trucks from the 1930's and 1940's, you'd be shocked to discover that most had horsepower ratings lower than many family sedans today. Yet they literally hauled tons of cargo at a time. Larger engines mean greater off-the-line acceleration, but little else.

Once gas hit $4 a gallon, filling these behemoths become problematic. People started trading down, driving slower (or accelerating more slowly) and taking fewer trips. Demand dropped - not by much, but it dropped, to levels lower than seen in decades. And this relatively small drop was all that was needed to create more supply than demand and drive prices plummeting.

As the economy has worsened, and more importantly, as NEWS of the economy worsening has spread, people are thinking twice about major purchases, and even shopping more carefully than ever before. I know I am, for example.

While some of us do not NEED to be frugal, doing so helps the overall economy. Even if you can "afford" to waste gas, if you use less, it keeps the price of gas down - and this in turn helps us all. Shopping carefully and comparing prices and quality keeps retailers and manufacturers on their toes - to increase efficiency and improve quality - and lower prices.

Of course, there is a downside to all this frugality. In the heady 2000's, we all spent money like drunken sailors. I rarely looked at grocery store prices back then - only ingredients and quality. How much it cost was "whatever". And this was true for many people besides myself and for items other than groceries. Who cared how much gas cost, as long as it was cheap and we all had money, right?

In this new economy, people are more price-conscious than ever. Regular retailers are hurting, but Wal-Mart is doing a banging business. As a result, some retailers and manufacturers are going to go under - those that are not efficient and have low overhead. Retailer Linens 'n Things went bankrupt because they could not service their staggering debt load - their overhead was simply too high. This means unemployment for yet more people - more people who in turn will shop more carefully, scrutinize prices, and in turn put more folks out of work.

What this also means, fortunately, is that other businesses will do better. Bed Bath & Beyond will no doubt benefit from the sudden demise of its #1 competitor. Their profit margins will increase as a result - until some savvy entrepreneur realizes that maybe it is time to get into that market space.

In short, we are having a long-overdue belt-tightening. Workers will appreciate their jobs more, as they become scarce. Employers will insist on more productivity from their employees. Prices will be much more competitive. Efficiency will improve. That is, until we all start making money again and go back to our same old bad habits.

This time may be different, though. Our population is aging, and as more people than ever reach retirement age, the impetus to live stingy will increase. More folks like me will start to work out budgets, shop their insurance, and check the cost per ounce on spaghetti sauce. The stingy lifestyle could be the next big thing.

And this is not necessarily a bad thing. As I have demonstrated, you can live quite a comfortable life in this country on not a lot of money. You can "have it all" without having to pay through the nose. By keeping careful track of your spending (plugging those holes in the rowboat) you can live better, with less.

And by being a more careful consumer, you put pressure on the retailers and manufacturers to provide a better product at a better price. In short, being stingy helps us all.

Keep up the good work!

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A Trip to the Mall.....

A friend came by the other day and said "Let's go to the Mall!"

To me, this is akin to saying "Let's have our wisdom teeth removed without anesthesia!"

But I went anyway. What are friends for?

As I noted in my earlier article, "Shop 'till You Drop!", one sure way to squander money is to "shop" for things you don't really need or want. And clothes is probably the #1 area you can squander dough. As I noted, one friend literally went bankrupt shopping for clothes.

The Mall is an interesting place - designed like a Casino - to separate you from your cash. Malls and mall stores are not accidentally put together. The ambiance and environment is designed to promote consumerism and induce you to buy. So just by going there, you are immediately at a disadvantage. So the best thing to do is not go, period.

If your truly NEED to buy something. make a list and then go get what you need. But going to see "what's available" will inevitably end up with you buying things that you do not need or want - and ratcheting up your credit card debt another notch.

Most of the clothing stores are alarmingly aimed at the young - and by that I mean the very, very young - teenagers and below. Older people are less fashion-conscious, so there is little point in marketing to them with flashy gear. But the malls are chock full of stuff aimed at the 20-and-below set.

Much of the clothes for sale were pretty laughable, too - at least to anyone over 30. Once again, the fashion designers have decided that "distressed jeans" are "in" this year. We went through this 20-30 years ago with stone washing, acid washing, and distressing, remember? As teens, we would wash our brand new jeans a dozen times or more, or sandpaper the knees to give it that "distressed" look. Only a dork would wear NEW jeans to school, right?

The problem with the new "distressed" look it that it is so obviously fake. In fact, the more fake the look is, the more popular it is. Really distressed jeans are not "in", so my well-worn and holey car-repair pants (battery acid will distress the best jeans, pronto!) are not hip. Instead, you need a pair that look like some Chinese sweatshop worker haphazardly applied some "distressing" to them when they were flat. The wear points are in all the wrong places, and the "fake wear" is little more than a dye. Like fake "distressed" leather, this stuff will surely look horrible once it really wears.

Going back to the future further, the trend of putting the name of the store in huge letters on every item of clothing seems to be back. I can still remember the first time in school when someone wore a Benneton sweater to school with the name BENNETON plastered across the front of the sweater. Or the first time we saw clothing with the labels sewn on the outside. "Hey, your shirt is on inside-out" we all said. Little did we know then, that this trend would presage the whole idea of status clothing - where brand and label meant more than quality and style - and consumers could be induced to advertised brand names all over their bodies as though they were like NASCAR drivers.

Fast-forward 30 years, and not much has changed in fashion. There is still a lot of money to be made selling poorly made clothing to insecure adolescents, if they think it will make them "look cool," right? Remember Chess King? Geez, what were we thinking?

Anyway, we got out of the mall for about a hundred bucks. I even succumbed to buying a pair of flannel pajama bottoms at Aeropostal or something or other. It said $16, which was 70% off list price. So it was a bargain, right? Not exactly. These things are made in Taiwan or Indonesia for about $2 apiece, so they still made out all right at "70% off!!" And do you really think anyone pays the full rate on any of this junk? Of course not.

One of us bought a dress shirt, which I suppose might get used someday (add it to the other shirts in the closet) and another bought a down vest, which here in Georgia is sure to be practical. And yes, everything was on sale, 70% off, blah, blah, blah.

It was a classic example of "if you go, you'll buy". It's like if you go to the pound to "look at" a dog, you'll probably come home with a dog. This is not necessarily a bad thing - if you want a dog. But I am not sure I was desperately in need of new pajama bottoms, but here I am with them, right? No one is immune from the pressure of the marketplace. So just don't go, unless you are really in need.

For me, this is not a major problem. It's like smoking. Someone can offer me a cigarette and since I don't smoke, it is no big deal. I'm not a smoker. But some folks are addicted to cigarettes. And some are addicted to shopping.

If you go, you'll spend. It is as simple as that. If you don't go, you won't spend. Find another hobby or another outlet. And by outlet, I don't mean a discount outlet.

Now, if I can just find the receipt for those pajama bottoms......maybe I can take them back.

FWIW....

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The Unwritten Social Contract

The Oxygen Mask speech is an example of the Unwritten Social Contract. Make sure your mask is secured before attempting to help others.

The Unwritten Social Contract

(or, Charity Begins at Home)

I often refer to a concept I call the "Unwritten Social Contract" in describing one's obligations to society. I cannot point to a specific recitation of this idea (it is, after all unwritten) but he concept underlies many religions, governments, and social theories. Perhaps the idea is better expressed somewhere in text. If you have a citation to it, please let me know.

The basic idea, which is often lost on many people today is this:

"Each individual in a society has an underlying obligation, to the best of his ability, and before all else, to take care of his own basic needs, both immediate and for the foreseeable future, before attending to the needs of others."

Now some folks might say this is "selfish" and not altruistic. However, as we shall see, altruism can sometimes lead to all sorts of problems when people fail to take care of themselves first. But the basic concept is sound. You may have heard an example of this concept expressed whenever you fly on an airplane:

"In the event of cabin depressurization, an oxygen mask will drop down from the compartment above you. Secure the mask to your face using the straps provided. Air will flow into the mask even if the bag does not inflate. Do not attempt to assist other passengers or children until you have secured your own mask."

The concept is simple, isn't it? If you go around trying to "help others" before you put on your own oxygen mask, not only will you not get around to helping those others, you yourself will end up in need of help (adding to the problem) and probably end up blocking the exit with your corpse. In an emergency situation, the best thing to do is make sure that you are OK before you run off trying to help someone else. It is not selfish, it is the best thing you can do to help others. You cannot help someone by bleeding all over them.

But aside from plane crashes, the basic concept applies to everyday living. Each citizen in our society should make sure their oxygen mask is secure before they run off trying to help others. Unfortunately, in many circumstances, this is not the case, and we end up with more people falling in the aisles, adding to the problem, not reducing it.

Simply stated, each person should insure that their own needs are met -t hat is to say, food, clothing and shelter, not just for today, but for the foreseeable future. By doing so, a person insures that they are not a burden to society, either in the short haul or the long haul.

However, many folks barely scrape by these days, living "paycheck to paycheck" and failing to save for retirement. By doing so, they place an additional burden on our society now, and in the future. And yet oftentimes, these are the sort of folks who expend considerable energy on activities not related to their basic survival.

A classic example is the political junkie. I have known of number of such folks, from both ends of the spectrum, who will spend hours arguing politics and listening to talk radio, convinced that their opinions on every single issue are making a difference in society. In their personal lives, however, they lag behind. Some are living with parents or other relatives, or failing to properly support themselves or fund their retirement. If asked, they would say "How can I worry about my own affairs while Bush is in the White House?" If they are right-wing, they use the same cry, but with a different slant.

People like this arguably have some mental health issues, and that is tragic. But they are failing, on a basic point, to fulfill their social obligation to take care of themselves before seeing to the needs of others. Working for a living and saving enough for retirement takes a lot of effort. So it is not surprising that many folks don't have time to be political junkies and obsess about politics. They are taking care of their own needs first, which is more important that their "views on the issues" which are really irrelevant anyway. The only opinions you have that count are your vote and your dollars. Ironically, many political junkies do not vote or contribute to political campaigns. But they do waste an enormous amount of energy.

Another example is the church enthusiast. Some churches want you to tithe 10% of your income to the church. This is a staggering amount of money, considering that the government is lucky to get 15% from most citizens, and they have a lot more overhead than a church. While it is a fine and wonderful thing to give to a church, be sure you are taking care of yourself first. Oftentimes, it is the poorest segments of our society that give such large percentages of their income (tithing often viewed as the baseline donation, with additional funds donated above and beyond that for special needs) while failing to provide for themselves. In one instance, I've seen where a parishioner gave not only the 10% tithing to a "Mega-Church," but donated tens of thousands of dollars for church windows and construction - only to later end up destitute and broke. Needless to say, once they ran out of money, the "Mega-Church" stopped answering their phone calls.

I've met others who are volunteer junkies. While they themselves are poor and barely getting by, they spend an enormous amount of their time volunteering for "good works" - feeding the homeless and such, or donating large amounts of money to charities. We tend to laud such folks, as helping others in need is the penultimate Christian good. But if in doing so, you place yourself in jeopardy, are you really helping? And if by "helping" another, you are enabling an addict, is it really help? As we say in the 12-step programs, sometimes you have to let people hit rock bottom before they will help themselves.

Note that the largest health problem among the poor in America is not malnourishment, but obesity. And yet television charities (often bloated with their own overhead) implore us to donate to help the hungry in America. We live in a staggeringly wealthy country, by world standards. The average American, living below the poverty line in the US has a home, a television, air conditioning, a car, and a kitchen with refrigerator and a stove, and usually a microwave - and a life expectancy of 60 years. While this is 10 years shorter than average, the average "poor" person in America is also more likely to be a smoker or have other bad health habits. Do these folks really need your help, or do they need to spend more time fulfilling their end of the unwritten social contract?

The average African living below the poverty line hasn't eaten in 2 days, lives on less than a dollar a day, and has a life expectancy of less than 40 years. Arguably the African needs your help much more than "poor Americans". But some African activists are even questioning the effectiveness of altruistic American aid to their countries. Providing emergency food relief allows us to feel better about ourselves and allows Bill and Melinda Gates to claim the moral high ground (after holding the world hostage to a second-rate operating system). But in the long run, such aid does little to address the underlying problems in Africa - corruption, greed, tribalism, overpopulation, and the like. Meddling by industrialized nations has not helped, but hurt, most African countries.

Another example is what I call the "helpful Grandma", although this can happen to grandparents or other relatives) of either gender. Grandma is retired and has a little money set aside. Her Grandchildren are "in trouble" in her estimation, and at every opportunity, she intervenes in their child rearing, usually providing money for gifts, school, cars, rent, utilities, or other "needs". The children (parents of the Grandchildren) are often also the recipients of such largess, and have mixed feelings about it. While they resent the meddling and control Grandma has in their life, they get all too used to the "free money" being doled out. Unfortunately, Grandma often ends up running out of money in her old age, and then tries to put the squeeze on other children for support. Of course, the children and grandchildren she has passed money out to don't have any - they have learned only to be dependent, not how to take care of themselves. So when Grandma needs $100,000 for assisted living, she doesn't have it - nor do the kids she spoiled by giving that money to. Grandma would have been better off keeping her cash for her own retirement and leaving an inheritance later on, rather than trying to spoil, manipulate and control her children and Grandchildren.

This last example illustrates the sometimes evil nature of altruism. We like to think by "doing good deeds" that we are being unselfish and good. But often the real psychological motivations for "doing good" can be based in a deep sickness. "Volunteer Junkies" will never fail to mention to you how much they volunteer and what good they are doing (and then bitch, bitch, bitch about how they are unappreciated). A part of what drives them to volunteer is no different than what drives someone to buy a Cadilliac. They want the ability to say "I'm Better Than You." It is a common need among human beings - to have status, perceived status, to impress people you know, or don't even know. We all do it. The volunteer junkie does it in part to achieve moral superiority. That, and it is cheaper than a Cadilliac.

Don't get me wrong, volunteering is a fine and wonderful thing. But examine your motives sometime, perhaps one night at 3:00 in the morning, if you can't get to sleep. What you find might surprise and even repulse you. Do you feel superior to, or talk down to, the people you are volunteering to help? Do you look down at, or criticize those who do not volunteer? Do you really, in your heart of hearts, think that volunteering makes a you a better person? If you can answer "yes" to any of these questions, you are missing the point.

Note that I have discussed this issue in the past, and the response I get from some quarters is quite indignant and self-righteous. "Well, I'm glad that I don't have such a shallow view of the world as you!" they cry, neatly proving my point. They view their own perceived altruism as a form of moral superiority to others in the world. It is, in a way, a loser's game. Folks who play that card are often those who are less successful in the world, and they argue, bitterly, that those who do succeed are those who "sold out" or otherwise compromised their morality. They may be less well off, but at least they have superior morals! Ironically, Christianity would seem to argue otherwise - that one who lauds their own moral superiority is in fact, less moral.

For example, a friend of mine runs a small theater that is not very successful. It never turns a profit, but instead has to rely upon government grants and other handouts to survive. He also lives, in part, off money from rich relatives. He argues that he is "doing good" in the world by "raising awareness" for political causes with his theater. One of his compatriots, on the other hand, who managed to get a part in a television series, is viewed as a "sellout" who compromised his moral authority. My friend believes that everyone should live in poverty and fight for social justice. Unfortunately, the world is filled with such folks, who often think they should be in charge of things, who claim the moral high ground, while at the same time, are unable to provide for even their own basic needs. It is possible, I suggest, to support yourself and still do good deeds - and in fact supporting yourself is the the most basic good deed you can do for society.

Again, the "helpful Grandma" scenario also illustrates how altruism can be the truly evil. Grandma will argue that she is "helping" her kids and grand kids, by selectively doling out money to those in "need". However, by making a selective judgement of who is in "need" and who is not, Grandma is training some kids to become dependent. I have seen this scenario repeated time and time again in family after family. One child or grandchild is identified as being "in need". That child quickly realizes that presents and attention (and later cash, cars, and even houses) are garnered by being "troubled." So they assume the identity of the "troubled child" and fulfill the Grandma's prophesy that the child "will never amount to anything". Oftentimes, such children never get a job, finish school, or move on with their lives. Grandma did not "identify" the problem child, she created it.

And what does Grandma get out of it? Control, for starters. Once children and Grandchildren are conditioned to live off the regular checks from Grandma (or go to Grandma every time they need to make a major purchase, pay off a credit card debt, etc.) they will keep going back to the well, again and again. Grandma makes them jump through hoops, to be sure, and both sides of this sick dance are never happy. The dependent children never develop their own lives, for starters. And safely outside of Grandma's earshot, they will bitch for hours about how they hate her. People resent those that give them welfare, if only because they know it symbolizes their own helplessness and lack of power. Biting the hand that feeds you is the norm, not the exception.

And Grandma? In addition to spending herself broke, she will do nothing but bitch about her "problem grandchild" at the slightest provocation. They will regale you with tales about how little Johnny needs help, and how they (as the hero in this story) paid for Johnny's new car to encourage him to finish High School. Or whatever. The main point is that they get to star in this little movie-of-the-week drama. Listening to this sort of thing gets old, really fast.

You see, being dependent is never fun for anyone, even those forced to do it because of circumstance. And you'd be surprised how many people will take extreme measure to live independently, even with severe handicaps and difficulties. Being dependent on the government or family for money breeds a deep, brooding, depression that is nearly impossible to shake. Everyone wants to be in control of their own destiny. And yet all of us will take easy money, if it is offered to us. Dependent people hate and revile the persons they are dependent from. If you try to "help" someone out, don't expect their eternal gratitude. It just ain't gonna happen.

Note also that there is the "reverse Grandma" scenario I have seen many times. This involves the parent or Grandparent who is old, infirm, and impoverished. Oftentimes they are impoverished because they played "helpful Grandma" earlier in life. One child or children assume responsibility for taking care of Grandma, or sending her money, often at the expense of their own financial well-being. Nailing themselves to the cross, they will regale anyone (and everyone) with their tale of injustice - how they helped pay for Grandma's upkeep, while the rest of the children (selfish bastards!) refused to contribute.

I know one person who played this game for a while, until they realized that Grandma was using them as a patsy. After paying off Grandma's credit card debt, moving her into assisted living, paying for the upkeep on her car, and sending her $500 month in cash, they were chagrined to see her roar into the driveway one day in a shiny new sports car. "Do you like it?" Grandma says. "I should" replied the son, "I'm paying for it." Before you fork over cash to someone who claims to be "in need" make sure they truly are.

I have had more than one friend approach me, asking for a handout. "You're lucky" they say, "You have money". I suppose luck has something to do with it. Perhaps working three jobs while attending night school might have had something to do with it. Or maybe driving older cars, living on less and saving more had something to do with it. Or perhaps it was valuing an education and not squandering it studying advanced navel-gazing. Perhaps. No, they're right, it was just luck - like winning the lottery. Not.

Anyway, in each scenario, they approach me to "borrow" money. And in each case, they are so far in debt that such a "loan" amounts to a "gift". When I review their finances, however, I discover that far from being destitute, they have a steady income, a place to live, and even a car. The reason they are destitute is that they are spending more than they are making. What they need is not a "loan" from me, but to cut out cable television, credit card spending, and eating out at restaurants 4 nights a week. They are asking me to loan them money to maintain a lifestyle that I myself cannot afford!

Creating dependency in others prevents them from fulfilling their part of the unwritten social contract. Once the "troubled child" realizes they can get a free ride by causing trouble, they will continue to do so. A junkie who is able to panhandle a hundred dollars a day and get free meals and a warm place to sleep has little incentive to give up drugs. The person who you "loan money" to will inevitably keep coming back to you for more, until you finally say "no."

And if by attempting to "help" such individuals or institutions or whatever, you end up not taking care of your own needs, then there are two victims to the story - as eventually, you will be the one broke and destitute, having squandered your savings trying to "help" others.

Fulfilling your basic obligation to society, by taking care of your own needs and insuring that your needs will be taken care of in the future, is the first and foremost basic "gift" you can give to society. Before you run off trying to "do good", make sure you have taken care of yourself, first.

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FIGHT BACK!

Don't let banks and other financial institutions push you around!

In America, many people are afraid of banks and other financial institutions. The reason for this irrational fear is the misconception many folks have about banks - misconceptions that banks would prefer that you have.

Movies, television, and literature all perpetuate these myths. Chief among them is the idea that banks are all-powerful and that they control all the money. Individual citizens, it seems are reduced to begging for a pittance of this largess.

For example, in the movie, "Catch Me if You Can", Christopher Walken plays the part of the Father, whose irregular bookkeeping has resulted in an IRS audit. He is forced to close his business and beg for money from the banks. "They have all the money" he says, ruefully, and they won't lend him any.

I would suggest that once you take this attitude that the bankers have all the power, money, and control in any situation, then you have already mentally and monetarily surrendered to them.

The reality of the situation is that no bank, no matter how large or how powerful, can survive without customers. This simple truth often eludes many people. Banks can, on the other hand survive without bad customers, and they certainly don' t need or want customers who cannot pay back a loan or constantly default on payments or overdraw their accounts. If you fall into this second category, well, then yes, the banks hold all the cards, but only because you've given the cards to them.

If you find yourself in dire financial straits, when it is too late to turn things around, as happened to the character played by Christopher Walken, then yes, the banks have all the "power" and you are screwed. But even then, sometimes someone completely in debt might find they still have a "hole card" to play. But more about that later.

The first thing to maintain in a banking relationship is the upper hand. By this, I mean you have to be a customer in good standing - with a balance on your accounts, regular payments on your loans, and no history of overdrafts, late payments, etc. For some folks, this sounds incredibly hard to do. And, they might argue, that circumstances "forced" them into a situation where they were in financial trouble. However, if you look at how events progressed, you can see oftentimes there were early warning signs that trouble was coming, and that they failed to take action early enough to avoid trouble.

In one of my earliest posts, Life in the Rowboat, I illustrated the model for personal finances using the rowboat analogy. Water comes into our leaky rowboats in terms of spending and expenses. We remove the water though bailing (income through work, usually) and if our work income exceeds our expenses, our rowboat is nice and dry. If the amount of water coming in (expenses) is more than the bailing (income), well, eventually you will be sunk.

Power-shifting occurs when folks don't notice that the rowboat is slowly taking on water and then fail to take action to stop the flood. They start to get used to having a little water in the bilge (outstanding debt), and think, "Well, all boats leak, so this is normal." As the water starts to rise, they don't get too worried, as they think they can always bail it out later with a more powerful pump (pay raise). However, once the boat is nearly under, it is often too late to take action.

When that occurs, then yes, you'll find the banks are in the position of power, and you are basically screwed. So one key to maintaining that position of power is to keep your own financial house in order. It makes no matter how large or small your rowboat is, if it is a tight ship and fully afloat, you are the captain and in charge.

Once I started getting my finances in order, I noticed a funny thing. When I went to the bank, they started treating me better. It is an old adage that in order to get a loan, you have to prove you don't need the money - and it is true. Once you have money, it is far easier to make more money. Loan interest rates are lower for folks with money. And interest rates for savings are highest. If you have money, you can easily make money. As Warren Buffet says, "The first Billion is the hardest".

The contrary is also true. Once you "fall off" the financial table, you 'll find you are charged the highest rates for loans and earn the smallest rates of return on your savings. It is often a death spiral. As I noted in my Understanding Credit Cards article, once you have a high balance and a late payment history, the banks will zing you with interest rates so high that you might never pay back the balance. And if your credit is bad enough, other banks won't loan you the money (at a lower interest rate) to pay off the balance. You truly are screwed.

If you have good credit, and a bank tries to jam up your interest rate, you can simply close that account and take your business elsewhere. Even if you have a balance, you can transfer it - provided you have good credit. However, if you have a history of bad credit, then you have no power, and are "stuck" with whatever terms the bank dictates.

For commercial borrowers, the scenario is even worse. If you have a commercial loan, say, on an office building, it is on what is called a "callable" note. That means the banker can "call" the loan at any time, for any reason, if they do not feel secure on the loan. And you have to either pay off the balance due, or be in default. And since it is a commercial property, you could be out in the cold in as little as 30 days.

For businesses, bad news often accelerates into worse rather quickly this way. A company misses a loan payment or bounces a check and suddenly, a note is called, and a business that was on sound footing one day is bankrupt the next. So it is vitally important to stay on the sunny side of the money street. Once you fall off the financial table, you lose what little power you have in the relationship.

If you pay your bills on time and have good credit, no bank can push you around. It is as simple as that. If one bank decides to raise the rate on your credit card, well, screw them, you can transfer the balance elsewhere and close the old account. They need your business to survive. If you stop charging with your credit card, they don't collect those credit card fees and they don't collect that nice credit card interest.

If you start to see the water rising in your personal financial rowboat, the time for action is NOW. If you let the water lap over the sides, you've surrendered all control to others. Taking action may mean minor steps - cutting expenses or selling assets, which often means swallowing your pride and taking a loss. Or it could mean refinancing debt at a better rate (slowing the rate of leakage) and putting a plan in place to bail out that accumulated water. At the early stages, you still have the power to do this, and banks will cater to your needs - and you can stay afloat.

But once you are "swamped", it is too late, and you have no power or leverage to negotiate - except for the cram-down.

Cram-downs are a pure expression of power, and not everyone can do them. The most famous occurred in the 1980's with Donald Trump. Most people (mistakenly) believe that Trump is a wildly wealthy successful businessman. While he has some money and has had some success, he is not as successful as the Warren Buffets of the world. He doesn't do TV shows out of sheer boredom. The Donald probably needs the money.

In the 1980's his casino empire was melting down - he owed more money than the properties were worth, and the cash flow was not servicing the loan debt. Some poorly advised purchases, such as the Trump Shuttle (remember that?) were losing money. The sharks started to circle, sensing blood in the water.

Then Trump did a truly ballsy thing. He crammed down his lenders. He told them, basically, that if they didn't re-negotiate the terms of his loans, lower the interest rates and balances owed, that he would declare bankruptcy, and they would be stuck with pennies on the dollar. The banks balked at first, but with such a large gun to their head, they had to negotiate. Trump lost a lot of control of his projects, and some equity as well, but he survived to fight another day, and he forced his banks to take on a share of his losses.

Today, with the mortgage meltdown, some borrowers are doing the same thing. They are trying to negotiate with lenders to reduce rates and terms so they can stay in their home. In this market, the last thing a bank needs is another foreclosed property on its books. Banks typically lose as much as 50% on foreclosures, with legal fees, realtor's fees, as well as the empty properties sitting for months on end. If they can keep a loan on the books and avoid all that hassle, it is a better option for them to write-down some balances. Ans some banks are willingly renegotiating loan terms at lower rates, rather than go through foreclosure.

For some homeowners, a deed in lieu of foreclosure can be an option. If you can't afford to stay in your home and owe more on it than it is worth, some banks will accept your deed and forgive the debt, if you agree to move out right away. In many states, eviction can take months and months, and if a debtor declares bankruptcy, it may stay eviction indefinitely. With a deed in lieu of foreclosure, the bank gets the home without months of legal wrangling, and you walk away with your credit record intact.

However, if you have declared bankruptcy in the past seven years, these options may not be available to you, as is what happened to one friend of mine. Since you cannot declare bankruptcy more than every seven years, a threat to declare bankruptcy and screw the bank is an empty threat. In other words, you've surrendered that power again, and you are at their mercy.

Insurance is another field where people, particularly young people, tend to let themselves get pushed around. But again, it is all a matter of power, and you can surrender that power quite easily. When I was in my 20's, I drove as fast as I could everywhere, like most young men do. Pretty soon, I amassed quite a few speeding tickets and even an accident. I had bought a brand new car and borrowed the money to pay for it, so I needed collision as well as liability insurance. I voluntarily surrendered what little power I had in the relationship.

Getting insurance when you are young is hard. If you have a bad driving record, it is even harder. And if you have a car loan and need collision insurance, it is very, very expensive. The best thing a young person can do is to learn to live without and buy a car for cash, and do without collision insurance. If you can keep your foot off the gas pedal and keep your driving record clean, your insurance rates will stay lower and get lower faster. Until you are about 26 years old, your insurance rates will be rather high.

Yet most young people do the opposite, particularly young men. They buy the flashiest, fastest car they can find, usually one with the highest insurance rates. And since they drive it as fast as possible (and inevitably wreck it) they end up in the "assigned risk pool" - often paying thousands of dollars a year in premiums, sometimes more than the car payments themselves.

Again, insurance companies need customers in order to stay in business. But they don't need reckless drivers who are going to pay little and expose them to a lot of liability. Once you round the corner on 30, the attitude of insurance companies changes. Not that this means they still won't try to push you around, of course, if you let them.

As I noted in my Understanding Credit Cards article, you should know your interest rate, terms, and statement and payment due dates for your Credit card - the vital "stats" of this valuable asset. Similarly, for insurance policies, you should have your policy information handy and cross-shop your policies every year or two to make sure you are getting a good rate. Rates vary considerably among companies. Many insurance companies make it hard to keep track of your insurance by sending multiple and confusing documents, garbage documents, and so much data that you have little or no idea what you are paying for coverage on.

Coverage that you may think is mandatory may in fact be optional. Some agents automatically write in rental car coverage, roadside assistance (towing) coverage, and medical coverage, even if it is not required by State law. Roadside assistance is nice and all, but if you are a member of AAA (recommended) you'll find that it is redundant. Rental car coverage is also nice, if you plan on wrecking your car a lot. On the other hand, if you have multiple cars or other means of transportation (car pool, bus) then it may be an unnecessary expense. Don't fall into the trap of the "well, it only costs a few dollars a year" mentality - that sort of thing ends up costing a lot when added up across your entire budget.

Motorist medical coverage may be optional in your State. Oftentimes, the coverage provided is limited - $10,000 or less. If you already have health insurance, you are already covered for your medical bills. Paying a relatively large amount of money for a small amount of what amounts to be accident insurance is not a very effective use of funds. Figure out what you actually need, and you can save a lot of money.

(Car Insurance will probably be the subject of an entire future article).

Again, people who are not assertive will simply take what the agent recommends and not ask questions. If you take charge of the situation, you can save a considerable amount, and prevent junk add-ons from cluttering up your policy and driving up your premiums.

Taking charge of your financial situation requires that you be assertive and also work to manage your finances. It is not easy. But once you get on the positive side of the financial picture, it gets easier and easier, as you are in a position of power to negotiate with your bankers and other financial institutions.

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Do We Really Control Any of Our Destiny?

One aspect of financial planning that is very disturbing, is the possibility that we, as human beings, are little more than pawns at the mercy of our own brain chemicals. Trying to plan for retirement or save money may be short-circuited by overwhelming impulses over which we have no control.

In other words, all the best advice, seminars, etc. can't overcome a brain pre-wired to squander money. It is possible?

Recently, it was discovered that a drug prescribed for Parkinson's disease patients was causing them to go berserk and gamble their life's savings away.
It was a tragic scenario, as businessmen who had amassed over a million dollars in life's savings, suddenly became compulsive gamblers and gambled every last dime away. Once they were taken off this drug, they realized what they had done, to their horror.

This incident raises several interesting questions.

1. As a casino owner, wouldn't it be a good idea to put this chemical in the food and drinks?

2. How much control do we really have over our spending and savings?

3. Are our brains pre-programmed to release certain amounts of these chemicals, making any behavioral modifications even possible?

4. Or do our brains release these chemicals in response to environmental stimuli?

5. Are plans to privatize social security or rely on self-funded retirement programs (e.g., 401(k)) hopelessly flawed, as a certain portion of the population will inevitably squander their savings as directed by their brain chemicals?

To answer all these questions, of course, I can only speculate. What is troubling to me is that few people see the true implications of this incident with the gambling addiction. It is clear that the human brain is pre-wired to respond to certain chemicals and hormones, and that behavior, once thought to be a matter of mere will or "character" might be selectively programmed with a pill.

In other words, if there is a chemical that causes compulsive gambling, perhaps there is also a chemical that does the opposite - blocks the receptors of the risk-taking portions of the brain. Which in turn raises the possibility all sorts of behavioral problems might be caused and cured by altering brain chemistry.

Of course medicine has been working on this theory for years, but most of their work has been in trying to help the severely disturbed (psychotics, bi-polar disorder, severs depression, etc.) and the drugs used in such treatments are akin to using sledgehammer to kill a fly. I am not aware of use of drugs to control behavior in "healthy" people. It is a tantalizing idea, although one fraught with peril.

If we could take a "risk-taking" or "risk-averse" pill (in an Alice in Wonderland scenario) which would you take? What we might think is the "right" modification of our behavior might end up being the exact opposite thing we need to do. As many people are financially harmed by being overly risk-averse as are those who bankrupt themselves by taking too many risks. Your insincts to control your own behavior might backfire in a big way.

Since such pills do not (yet) exist, the question is moot. However, what does cause some of us to be more risk-takers than others? And does this change in response to environment? I think the answer to the latter is "YES." When placed in an environment where risk-taking is the norm, people probably tend to take more risks. Perhaps this is why con-artists like to hold "seminars" where you can get a group of people together in a church-like setting and make buying a time-share seem like a sound proposition. Perhaps the risk-taking pheromones released throughout the room become contagious and suddenly, normal rational people start to sign the papers. (And just as deadly to such a scenario is the doubter whose pheromones are a total buzz-kill to the rest of the congregation. No wonder such folks are usually quickly shown the door, whether it is a time-share weekend seminar or a religious cult).

At the other end of the spectrum, there are probably pheromones of risk-aversion released in groups, such as 12-step programs and savings clubs. It is just a guess, but group behavior is an interesting thing.

Similarly, in conditions of economic boom, the feeling of prosperity in a person's brain probably releases chemicals that say "go for it!" while in depressed economic times (like today) the constant barrage of bad news causes people to hoard their money and carefully consider their purchases, even if they personally have not been affected by the downturn.

A hundred years from now, we probably will have better answers to these questions. Perhaps by then, gambler's anonymous will be replaced by a simple over-the-counter medication (if the casino operators don't suppress the research first).

But, how that this information be useful to you as an investor or person trying to live on a budget?

First, I think it tells us that a lot of our behavior is not always within our control. This is not to say we have NO control, only that on occasion, we end up doing stupid things, like buying something we have absolutely no use for. Rather than recriminate ourselves and feel bad about it, chalk this up to human behavior.

I like to point out that as human beings, we are remarkably inefficient animals. Much of our working time is squandered with unproductive work, and often we work at cross-purposes. Given that nearly half our lives are spent sleeping and eating, and the remainng half spent goofing off, I suspect that the overall efficiency of a human being might be 1 to 2 percent, at best. So, rather than feel bad that you've wasted money or time, or not lived up to some high standard, you should feel good that you've accomplished anything at all. After all, the deck is stacked against you.

I think the cycle of addiction occurs when people try to feel bad about their pleasure-seeking behavior, and then engage in more pleasure-seeking behavior to oversome their bad feelings.

Thus, the alcoholic depressed about his alcoholism, cheers himself up with a drink. The shopaholic, depressed about credit card bills, does the one thing that surely cheers them up - more shopping! (an article about this is forthcoming, again based on a real-life experience of a friend of mine).

One thing is certain, though, such behaviors are usually impulsive. The more we can consider and contemplate our behaviors (by planning) the better we can control them. Thus, making a shopping list and setting up a budget can allow one to shop without over-spending.

The 12-step programs, of course, take an opposite approach, and perhaps for hard-core addicts, such a technique is necessary. An alcoholic cannot "manage" his drinking by limiting himself to one drink. The shopaholic cannot limit themselves to buying one dress. The over-eater cannot limit themselves to one slice of pizza. They all must quit "cold turkey" and never engage in these behaviors again.

However, the majority of people are able to drink occasionally without getting falling-down drunk and ruining their lives. Many people can shop responsibly without going bankrupt. And despite the obesity epidemic in the US, there are folks who can eat responsibly and exercise and stay in shape.

I would like to think we still have some control over our destiny, otherwise all hope is lost.

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Buying a Car, a Classic Example of "How NOT to!"

My previous post illustrated how you can purchase an automobile as a rational decision and end up with a decent looking car that provides you with reliable service at a minimal cost.

At the other end of the spectrum, well, you can throw thousands of dollars down the hole with cars. Consider this (bad) example:

Frank saw a Jaguar parked on the side of the road on his way to work every day. It was a green sedan, and Frank remembered how when he grew up, that Jaguars were considered "cool" cars. He idly thought about how nice it would be to have one, and fantasized about owning that Jag. Every day he drove by it, he'd think about that car.

He didn't need a new car, or another used one. Frankly, he need a Jaguar like he needed a hole in his head. Cash was tight and he was barely making his monthly bills. But he had just got a tax refund check, so he had a few grand in the bank this month.

So one day, after work, Frank stops to look at the Jaguar. It had been sitting for a month, and the lawn had grown up around it. Grass clippings were stuck to the tires and wheels. The owner came out and showed him the car. The driver's door opened with a creak and they tried to start it. No luck. The battery was dead.

The owner got out a battery charger and an extension cord, and while it charged up, the owner showed him the rest of the car. The once proud Jag had fallen on hard times. One panel had a dent in it ("you can take that out, easy" the owner said) and small amounts of rust were creeping around the wheel wells. The driver's seat was slashed to ribbons - so much for Connolly leather. Some of the electrical "toys" like the power windows and locks no longer worked. The A/C was busted, too, but Frank figured that in rural New Hampshire, where he lived, it was not all that necessary.

They finally got the car started and it roared to life as the owner held down the throttle. Wow! What a motor! Only later would Frank discover that the loudness of the engine was due in part to the rusted exhaust. They got in the car and drove it around. It seemed to handle a but quirky, but wow! Driving a Jaguar! This was what he had dreamed of since he was a kid.

Frank had no idea what he was buying. He never researched the car or figured out what a good "book" value for the car would be. Since he lived out in the country, there were not a lot of places where you could get a Jaguar fixed - and not a lot were for sale locally.

The owner said he wanted $5600 for it, which seemed like a steal for this "luxury" car. Frank tried to talk him down a bit, but the owner held firm. Frank easily paid $2000 too much for this nightmare.

Frank brought the car home, thinking his wife would be pleased by this luxury car. She wasn't, and a fight ensued. "What the heck do we need with a hoary old Jaguar?" she said. And she had a point.

Frank put tags on the car and drove it to work the next day. Of course, the battery was dead by the end of the day, and he had to jump-start the car. "Oh well, a new battery isn't too bad".

But when Frank went to the local gas station to get the car inspected, he discovered, to his horror, that he had bought what is known in the used car world as a "fright pig". Nearly everything on this car was broken, rusted, or just plain worn out. What little was left working was well on its way to breaking soon.

The car needed a total brake overhaul, including pads, discs, parking brake cable, new hoses and lines, and even a master cylinder, which was leaking. The total bill would be easily over $2500, and it would take a week to get the parts.

What's more, the tires were nearly shot, having little tread left and being dry-rotted. The suspension was also shot. In addition to new shocks, the front end was worn out, needing new ball joints and tie rods. This would run an additional $1500, if he skimped and used cheap tires.

The car needed a new muffler - and resonator for another $800. And it was burning oil, which could not be fixed unless he had the engine rebuilt.

The worst news was the rust. The rule of thumb with rust is this: If you see a "little" rust as Frank did, multiply it by 10 or even 100 to get an idea of the total rust involved. The rear shock towers were rusted out and the shocks were ready to poke through into the trunk. The mechanic didn't even want to touch this last part, as welding so near the gas tank was suicidal. Removing and re-installing the gas tank would add $500 to the repairs.

The mechanic "knew a guy" who could weld the shock towers for cheap. Hank had that done and had the brakes overhauled and new tires put on, and charged it all to his credit card. On the way home, he stopped at Wal Mart and bought a seat cover for the torn front seat. It had a picture of "tweety bird" on it.

Frank didn't mention the cost of repairs to his wife. When he got the car home, he put it in the garage and started looking at the rust on the wheel wells and the dent in the rear quarter. Poking with a screwdriver, he knocked off some of the rust. He kept poking and poking and pretty soon, he had gouged out nearly the entire wheel arch. It turns out the paint was barely hanging onto all that rust. Ouch.

On the way home from work the next day, he stopped at the NAPA store and bought a gallon of BONDO and some sand paper. That night, after supper, he gouged out more rust and sanded it back almost to bare metal and applied layer upon layer of bondo into the holes. He found an old door screen in the garage and cut that to wedge in the holes, so the bondo would have something to stick to. Even with that technique, one wheel well swallowed up a whole gallon can of the stuff.

The car looked pretty sickly now, with the garish red bondo, grey primer, and faded "British Racing Green" paint, along with the ill-fitting "tweety bird" seat cover. But Frank was not about to give up! Every evening, he'd bondo and sand and bondo and sand. His wife was glad to have him out of the house, but worried about how much money he was spending on the car.

Eventually, the rear fenders started to fill in and look sort of Jaguar-ish, or more like a Jaguar that someone made of plasticine clay. The bondo lumped and bumped and no matter how much he sanded, never went flat and smooth. Grey primer started to cover larger and larger sections of the car, and overspray dotted the windows and tires.

Frank stopped by a body shop one day on the way home from work to get a quote on repainting the car, now that the body work was "done". The body shop owner shook his head, but politely wrote up a price quote for $3000, knowing full well that Frank would never have the money to pay for such a job (and the body shop owner didn't want Frank's rusty hulk dirtying up his bays anyway). Frank thought about the local "speedy paint king" place, that offered to paint "any car for $299!" but even that seemed excessive. The cars in the lot there all had paint on the trim, windows, and masking marks around the door handles and side moldings. On the way home, Frank bought several "foo-foo" cans of "matching" Jaguar green paint.

Frank had, by this point, over $10,000 invested in this car, and it was still a fright pig. A fright pig with a new battery and some very cheap tires, but nevertheless a fright pig. It would never be a collectible with all the rust on it (the floor pans were ready to poke through at any minute) and the engine was burning a quart with nearly every tankful. Frankly, even pristine examples of old Jag sedans like this were never likely to become very collectable. The car looked funny with its bondo'ed panels and orange peel paint job. Within a month, Frank noticed that his bondo job was starting to bubble up again.

On the way to work a month later, the car died in the middle of the road and refused to budge. Towed to the garage, Frank got the bad news. The broken kitty needed a new transmission. His mechanic could find a rebuilt one for $3500, but it would cost another $1500 to install it.

By this time, Frank's wife saw the credit card bills and caught wind of what Frank was up to, and put her foot down. Frank argued that they had $10,000 "invested" in the car already, so putting $5000 into a "new" transmission made sense. His wife argued that the car was a bottomless pit of money and that they should cut their losses now and get rid of the car.

Frank sighed and agreed and put the car out at the end of their driveway with a sign saying "For Sale, $5000". Needless to say, the car still sits there today. An old, broken-down rusted-out Jaguar that won't even run under its own power is worth about what the scrap man will give you for it.

So what did Frank do Wrong? About everything. Here's a list of what I can spot:

1. NEVER buy a car because you drive by it every day. If you decide you need a car, research the makes and models and make a rational buying decision. Deciding you want to buy a car, boat, or RV merely because it is a familiar sight almost always ends up being a bad decision.

2. RESEARCH a car before buying. What is a reasonable asking price? What defects or wear points should you be looking for? Never close a deal without knowing what the book value of the car is. If Frank did even modest research (checked the Kelly Blue Book at his local credit union) he would have realized that the car was radically overpriced.

3. WALK AWAY from UNREASONABLE SELLERS: Frank got taken by a seller who was "firm" on his price, even though it was far above market value. Such dreamers are plentiful and they do waste your time. You cannot "negotiate" with such folks, as they believe they have a rare collectible and not a junk heap. Just walk away and don't waste your time.

4. Buy the BEST EXAMPLE you can find: Repairs are expensive, so there is no point in buying a "junker" and trying to "fix it up". Even if you can do the labor yourself, as I can, you'll end up spending thousands and thousands of dollars on parts and hours of your time. You can buy a better car with all that work done already for less time, money, and hassle.

5. INSPECT before you BUY: Most mechanics, for a small fee, will put your prospective purchase up on the rack and give you a list of what needs to be fixed and an estimate of repairs. If Frank had done that, his mechanic would have given him the bad news ahead of time - and told him to walk away from the deal.

6. WALK AWAY from even a LITTLE RUST: Rust is nearly always impossible to repair. It creeps like a cancer and is nearly impossible to remove. The only proper repair for rust is to cut away ALL of the affected areas, back to solid metal in every direction, and WELD IN new factory panels. It is an expensive and time-consuming process. Again, you can find a rust-free car for less money, even if it means driving or flying to Arizona or California.

7. Know When to Quit: Throwing good money after bad is never a good idea. When Frank discovered that he paid more than book value for the car and it still needed thousands of dollars in repairs, he should have sold the car or donated it to a charity and cut his losses right then. As it was, he spent nearly ten grand for only a few months worth of transportation. For that much money, he could have bought a rust-free Jaguar in fairly decent shape.

Cars like Frank's Jaguar are everywhere, it seems. And people buy them, too. I see them all the time and wonder what possesses people to even bother to refuel such heaps. With the price of scrap metal being what it is, the economic model for driving a "junker" makes little or no sense anymore. Once a car is worth less than a grand or two, it is no longer worth repairing, unless repairs can be done for free or at low cost.

And yes, over the years, I've talked myself into buying a "fright pig" or two, only to later regret such a decision (and later on dumping the car for pennies on the dollar). I've learned the hard way that it pays for "fish a little further upstream" and find newer examples of a vehicle, or one in much better shape.

Fishing that far down the food chain makes little or no sense. And yet folks do it every day, just as they run up credit card debt and buy lottery tickets. Just because folks do it, doesn't mean it makes sense.

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Buying a Basic Car, a Classic Example of "How To"

In the United States, it is pretty much required to have a car just to get around. Owning a car is a necessity for many. There are more cars than people in this country.

Yet so many pay far too much for this basic need.

The following example of "How To" buy a car is based on the real-life experiences of a friend of mine, who is "frugal" and willing to do the legwork and research to get more out of life on a given income. My hat is off to her.

Shelia needed a car. She had just returned from a trip around the world, and had sold her old car before leaving. She asked me what kind did I think she should buy. Being more of a car fanatic than a pragmatic car owner, my answer was twofold: "Do the research" and "Japanese, probably".

The former is most important. Take your time and figure out what you need, not what you want, and decide on a make and model and age range, and then research all the aspect of that vehicle. Shop for the same make and model car, rather than comparing different cars, and you can find the real "bargains".


1. Foreign or Domestic? Japanese!

If you are looking for basic, reliable, secondhand transportation, a used Japanese car is usually the best bet at the present time, as they are reliable, hold their resale value well, and are readily available and thus easy to get serviced.

If you are on a budget, esoteric cars like BMWs or Jaguars are out of the picture. In addition to being expensive to buy and own, parts and service are not readily obtainable. Plus, they are expensive to insure. If you are not a "car nut" shy away from such cars.

American cars can be bought cheaply, but they depreciate at an alarming rate and have a poor record of reliability, and generally use more gas. Yea, sure the UAW says that Americans cars can stack up to any car made in the world. But we are talking reality here, not faith-based economics. So let's leave the rhetoric right out of it. American cars by and large suck, period. And so do French cars.

Other foreign makes, such as VW have a so-so record of quality. I would approach with caution.

Among the Japanese makes, Toyota and Honda are the best of the lot. Nissans are not as reliable and Mitsubishis - well, you might as well buy an American car if you are going to get a Mitsu. Oddball brands like Suzuki, Isuzu, and Dhaihatsu are probably not worth considering.

The Koreans are worth considering. Once considered the king of the scrap heap, their quality has come a long way, and some Korean cars could be a bargain.


2. What Kind of Car do You NEED?

Again, we are talking basic transportation, here. A reliable ride for minimal money. We are not talking about some unpresentable junker, here, but a decent rust-free car with no dents, and all the body panels the same color. It is possible to find such cars, even on a budget.

Convertibles, pickup trucks, coupes, SUVs, Jeeps and the like are right out of the picture. Those sorts are cars are for stylin' mostly, and not very practical for daily use. Remember, we are talking basic transportation needs at a minimal cost.

Note also that more esoteric cars, like a BMW convertible, really should be garaged and babied. Shelia lives in an apartment complex. A BMW convertible, left outdoors, would quickly deteriorate, and probably be broken into (usually by slashing the top).

Shelia decided correctly that a small, fuel-efficient sedan was the answer. She needed something that was easy to park and drive in city traffic, got good mileage, could carry passengers on occasion, and not be so flashy as to attract thieves or break-ins.


3. PICK ONE Make or Model

One mistake many car shoppers make is to try to cross-shop different brands and makes. Comparing a Chevrolet to a Honda to a Dodge to a Toyota is frustrating and inefficient. Each is a different type of car, with different features, different sales price, and different resale value. Comparing one deal to another is impossible, as the numbers don't equate between the different makes and models. If you shop for a Chevy after looking at Toyotas, you'll probably over-pay for the Chevy, as Toyotas are more expensive cars, and you'll think an overpriced Chevy is a "bargain" in comparison.

So after doing your research, narrow your focus to ONE make and model car, in a limited rage of model years (3 or less). Then you can compare apples to apples.


4. Don't be a Badge Snob

Many cars are sold under different models and makes. GM sells the same car as a Chevy and a Pontiac and a Buick and a Saturn. Some Saab models are based on Chevys, Subarus, or even the same platform as a Malibu. There is no difference between a Ford and a Mercury except for some chrome trim and the price. And Japanese cars are sold in this country in their base form (Toyota, Honda) and as an upscale version (Lexus, Acura) even through there may be little difference between the two. There is little point, particularly when buying a used car, in paying extra for "badge engineering" as it is known in Detroit. Outside of the showroom, the name on the car makes little difference - so pick the cheaper model.

Shelia had a brilliant idea that I didn't even think of. "What about a Geo Prizm?" she said. Brilliant! The Geo Prizm was made at the New United Motors plant in Fremont, California, a joint venture between Toyota and General Motors. Back then, nearly every Corolla sold in the US was made in that plant, and went down the same Assembly line as the Geo Prizm. The only difference between the two cars is in trim - the Corolla has retractable mirrors and a slightly nicer interior than the Geo. Other than that, the two cars are mechanically the same and even look the same. But in terms of resale value, the Toyota version sells for $500 to $1000 more.

By the way, Toyota and GM still run this plant along with one in Ontario Canada. Today they makes the Toyota Matrix and Pontiac Vibe automobiles. albeit in separate plants. The sheetmetal is slightly different, but the underpinnings of both cars are the same.


5. Pick a Price Range

These steps are not necessarily in order, of course. Price range is key in determining what car to pick, and vice-versa. There is no point in picking a Rolls Royce, and then deciding your price range is $1000. It just isn't going to work.

When selecting a price range, you have to be somewhat realistic. There are cars that are worth little more than their scrap value, which today, is nearly $250 for a good sized car. "Fishing too far down stream" is never worthwhile, as you'll end up with an unreliable car that will need constant repair. So if all you can afford is $500 to $1000 for a car, perhaps you should think about riding the bus for a while, until you can save up enough money for a decent car.

Shelia decided she wanted to spend around $3000 or so for a used Geo Prizm, about 5-7 years old, with no more than 80,000 miles on it. Now, this was several years ago, so such a car no longer exists and probably such prices are not realistic, today. But after researching the vehicle, she decided this was a realistic price for a car of reasonable vintage at that time.


6. Do the Research:

Again, these items are not in order and may be performed concurrently. Shelia checked http://www.nadaguides.com/, http://www.kbb.com/ and http://www.edmunds.com/ for pricing data on the car she was looking at. She also checked the local paper (not much there but dealers) for comparable prices, as well as the local autotrader and autotrader online. She tracked down a "chat board" for owners of the car and the related Corolla and posted a message asking owners what sort of things she should be looking for. She read CONSUMER REPORTS which she checked out of the library. Your local library, by the way, has lots of books on how to evaluate used cars and to help you learn about cars in general. The more you know, the more informed a decision you can make.

With all this data, she was able to pick the make and model car she waned (5-7 year old Geo Prizm) determine what a reasonable price would be for a car in her price range condition, mileage, and age (around $3000). Since she was shopping only ONE BRAND AND MODEL, it was possible to assemble this data easily.


7. Take Your Time

The worst thing you can do when buying a car is to be in a hurry. Going into a car dealer and saying "I need a new car TODAY" is the worst way possible to buy a car. Shelia was content to take the bus to work and wait weeks, if necessary, to find the right car. You cannot rush the process.


8. Start Looking

Shelia asked me to come along and look at cars with her. She felt that I might know something about cars, and that also having a man with her might help her bargaining position (we live in sexist times, still, and women are looked upon as unsophisticated by car sellers). It was also helpful to have a disinterested third party to bounce things off of.

We looked at six cars. I can't remember them all, but I remember a few.

We looked at one Toyota Corolla, just for comparison to its Geo cousin. It was $500 more than the other cars and not in as good condition. This confirmed to her that paying more for the "Man in the Sombrero" logo on the front grill was not worthwhile.

We looked at one Geo at a dealer, but they wanted nearly $1000 more than the other cars. No sale, but the salesman had a snappy plaid suit.

One car for sale by owner was filthy, with coffee stains in the interior, dirt on the engine, scratches on the bumpers and doors, and the ABS light on the dashboard. The owner said "you can fix that for like $500, I just never got around to it". This car had "neglect" written all over it. Oddly enough, of the private sale Geos, it had the highest price and the owner refused to budge.

Another car was clean inside and out, but the engine was dirty, and it had four mis-matched tires and needed a new battery. The price was about middling.

The best of the lot was clean inside and out, and even the engine was detailed. It had four matching tires that were reasonably new, and a new battery. The mileage was in the mid-range and the price was not a steal, but smack in the middle of where her research told her it should be. The interior was clean with no funky smells. Although none of the cars had a complete service record from new (desirable) this car had all the records from when the present owner had it.

I did some simple tests on the car for her - checking the condition and levels of the fluids, doing the "dollar bill" test on the exhaust (if a dollar bill, placed next to the running exhaust, gets sucked back into the tailpipe, count on more dollar bills being sucking into the car, as one or more valves are burnt or sticking. The exhaust should be a steady outward flow of air). The last car passed all test with flying colors.

What was interesting in looking at the same car in six different iterations, was that you tended to see wear and tear in the same places, and comparing prices on the cars was a lot easier, as we were comparing the same model and make. If we had cross-shopped different makes and models, the worn-out car with the broken ABS might have seemed like a "deal". But after looking at other identical cars, we realized it was not.

8A. Get it INSPECTED: If you are not clever with cars, you should consider taking the car to your local mechanic for an overall pre-purchase inspection first. Most mechanics can do this for a flat fee of $100 or so. They can tell you whether the car need brakes, tires, front end work, transmission work, or major engine work. No inspection is a guarantee, of course, but it can point out some hidden defects in a car.


9. Look for a VALUE not a BARGAIN

Many people make the mistake in buying a car of trying to find some incredible "bargain". While you can find a dress in a dress shop marked down to 75% off, you'll never find such a deal in the automotive world. If you do, WATCH OUT! There is something wrong with such a car.

Shelia decided that the nicest car we looked at was an acceptable value. It was clean, well-maintained, and offered at a reasonable price. That is the best any of us should hope for. Trying to find a car at a "steal" is unrealistic and immature.


10. Pay CASH

Shelia had cash to buy this car, and that is the best way to buy them. Most folks don't have cash to buy a car, and that limits the resale possibilities and market, and hence used cars sell much more cheaply between private parties than from dealers who can provide financing.

If you really don't have cash, talk to your credit union about financing. It is harder to do, as you have to find the car, line up the financing, and then make the deal, and in the interim, the cash buyer may have bought the car out from under you.

Note that most banks will not lend on cars over 5 years old, which is one reason cars over that age sell for a lot less.

Paying cash puts you in the driver's seat, literally. Pulling out a wad of 100 dollar bills and saying "well, how much will you take for it?" puts the seller on the spot, as he knows you are serious, and wants to sell the car. You can haggle paying cash. When you say "hold the car for me for several days while I line up a loan," well, you just don't have the leverage.

Note also that when you get a car LOAN, you have to get COLLISION INSURANCE. For young people, this can easily cost more than the car payments, which is idiotic. Young men (boys)buying sports cars often pay twice in insurance than they do for the car. At 48, I can afford the insurance on an M Roadster. At 25, you can't.

So if you pay CASH you can forgo collision insurance altogether, or, if the car is worthwhile, get coverage with a higher ($1000) deductible and save a lot of money. Banks usually require a $500 deductible for cars with liens.

Shelia called the owner of the car she liked and offered him 10% less than asking price. He came back at 5% and they closed the deal for a little over $3000. She negotiated a REASONABLE price, but did not expect a STEAL. Trying to STEAL the car at a low ball price just wastes everyone's time, so forget about it!

Shelia drove that car for nearly four years, putting 30,000 miles on it in the process. She later sold it for $1500, which works out to a nickel a mile in depreciation. Her only repair expense was for a new alternator ($400) and for regular oil changes. All in all, the car cost her less than $2000, not including gas an insurance - which is a heck of bargain that puts bus fare to shame.

It was a good looking car, too, with no rust or dents. Most folks thought it was a much newer car than it was, and assumed she had paid far more than she did for it. So yes, you can even have status on a budget, if you shop smartly.

The steps Shelia took in researching, identifying, selecting and buying a car are a perfect model of "how to" make a reasonable and well-informed retail purchase decision. Buying a more expensive or even brand new car (not advised) can follow the same or similar steps. Pick a make or model, research it to death, and then shop several identical cars from individual sellers. Find the nicest example of the marque, negotiate a fair price, and pay cash. These are the best deals going.

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